摘要：本文对主谓一致的各种用法进行了举例分析，旨在帮助学生更好地学习这一知识点。
关键词：主谓一致；主语；谓语
作者简介：魏罕秀，任教于甘肃省皋兰县二中。
主谓一致，一般来说，谓语必须与主语和人称在数上保持一致。其一致性涉及三方面，既语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。具体用法如下：
一、主语是下列情况的，谓语用单数
1.如果主语由“many a, more than one+单数名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
Many a child has made that mistake. (许多孩子都犯那种错误。)
There is more than one answer to your question. (你的这个问题不止一个答案。)
注：“more than+数词+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
More than one thousand workers are working in this factory. (有1000多名工人在这家工厂做工。)
2.“……四则运算（即加、减、乘、除）……”表示整体概念，谓语动词多用单数形式。如：
88 and 2 is 100.(88加2等于100。)
Five times four is 20. (5乘以4等于20。)
3.“a +单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数；但“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。如：
A day or two is passed. (一两天过去了。)
One or two hours have been spent. (一两天过去了。)
4.由each ,every修饰的名词作主语，或由each…and each…，every…and every…，no…and no…连接名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. (在我们公司，每个男女都有提升的机会。)
No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village because of the Hope Project. (由于希望工程，我们村七岁的男孩女孩都去上学。)
注：each位于复数主语后或句末，则不影响谓语动词的数。如：
The students each have a dictionary. (学生们每人都有一本字典。)
5. every-,any-,some- 等构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。如：
There is something wrong with the machine. (这台机器有问题。)
6.all表示物时，谓语动词用单数。如：
All was silent. (万籁俱寂。)
All of the rubbish was cleaned away. (所有的垃圾都被清除了。)
注：当all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数。如：
All but one were here just now.(除一人外，都刚刚在这儿。)
7.动名词、动词不定式、名词从句或由and连接的两个疑问代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country. (对于一个国家来说，承办奥运会就是一份丰厚的奖品。)
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet .
注：当what从句作主语时而表语是复数时，谓语动词也可用复数。如：
What we badly need here are competent teachers.(我们这儿急需的是合格的老师。)
8.在“It +be+被强调部分+that(who)…”结构中，“be”用单数。如：
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. (不仅仅是盲人犯这样的错误。)
二、主语是复数形式，而谓语用单数形式
1.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词做主语，即使形式上是复数，谓语动词仍用单数。如：
The United State is a developed country.
2.以-ics 结尾表示学科的名词，如politics，physics，athletics，mathematics等做主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Mathematics is difficult to learn.
注：当以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词前有物主代词修饰，指某人的某方面知识时，谓语用复数。如：
His physics are poor.
3.当表示时间、距离、价格度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
Ten years is quite a long time. (十年是漫长的时间。)
Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. (步行15分钟对我来说是较长的时间了。)
注：如果是指某一个体，则要根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Twenty years have passed since we parted. (自从我们分手以后已经20年过去了。)
4. “One +and a half +复数名词” 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
One and a half apples is left on the plate. (盘子里还有一个半苹果。)
5.有些用来表示有两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数，如trousers, glasses, compasses 等做主语，前面若有“一条，一副，一把”之类的单位词，谓语用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语用复数。如：
There is a pair of glasses on the desk. (桌子上有一副眼镜。)
All the glasses are made of glass, not plastic. (所有的玻璃杯都是由玻璃制成的，而并非塑料。)
6.the number of短语做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如:
As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 因此，中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。
注：a number of 短语做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent fordifferent reasons.（邀请了五十人，但由于种种原因，大多数人没来。）